CHAPTER 10.
Genesis 10:1-32 | |
1. Now these (are) the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth: and unto them were sons born after the flood. | 1. Porro istae sunt generationes filiorum Noah, Sem, Cham, et Jepheth: quibus nati sunt filii post diluvium. |
2. The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. | 2. Filii Jepheth, Gomer, et Magog, et Madai, et Javan, et Thubal, et Mesech, et Thiras. |
3. And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. | 3. Et filii Gomer, Ascenas, et Riphath, et Thogarmah. |
4. And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. | 4. Et filii Javan, Elisah, et Tharsis, Chitthim, Dodanim. |
5. By these were the isles of the Gentiles divided in their lands; every one after his tongue, after their families, in their nations. | 5. Ab istis separatae sunt insulae Gentium secundum terras suas, singulae secundum linguam suam, secundum familias suas, in gentibus suis. |
6. And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. | 6. Et filii Cham, Chus, et Misraim, et Phut, et Chenaan. |
7. And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. | 7. Et filii Chus, Seba, et Havilah, et Sabthah, et Rahamah, et Sabtecha. Filii autem Rahamah, Seba, et Dedan. |
8. And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. | 8. Et Chus genuit Nimrod: ipse coepit esse potens in terra: |
9. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. | 9. Ipse fuit potens in venatione coram Jehova: idcirco dicitur, Sicut Nimrod poteus venatione coram Jehova. |
10. And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. | 10. Et fuit principium regni illius Babel, et Erech, et Achad, et Chalneh, in terra Sinhar. |
11. Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, | 11. E terra illa egressus est Assur, et aedificavit Nineven, et Rehoboth civitatem, et Chelah, |
12. And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same (is) a great city. | 12. Et Resen inter Nineven et inter Chelah; ipsa est civitas magna. |
13. And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, | 13. Misraim autem genuit Ludim, et Hanamim, et Lehabim, et Naphthuhim, |
14. And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. | 14. Et Pathrusim, et Casluhim, unde egressi sunt Pelistim, et Chaphthorim. |
15. And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth, | 15. Et Chenaan genuit Sidon primogenitum suum, et Heth, |
16. And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, | 16. Et Jebusi, et Emori, et Girgasi, |
17. And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, | 17. Et Hivvi, et Arci, et Sini, |
18. And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. | 18. Et Arvadi, et Semari, et Hamathi: et postea sparsae sunt familiae Chenaanaei. |
19. And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha. | 19. Et fuit terminus Chenaanaei a Sidon ingrediente to Gerar usque ad Hazzah, donec ingrediaris Sedom et Hamorah, et Admah, et Seboim, usque ad Lasah. |
20. These (are) the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, (and) in their nations. | 20. Isti filii Cham per familias suas, per linguas suas, in terris suis, in gentibus suis. |
21. Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were (children) born. | 21. Ipsi quoque Sem soboles, etiam ipse fuit pater omnium filiorum Eber, frater Jepheth major. |
22. The children of Shem; Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram. | 22. Filii Sem, Helam, et Assur, et Arphachsad, et Lud, et Aram. |
23. And the children of Aram; Uz, and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. | 23. Et filii Aram, Hus, et Hul, et Gether, et Mas. |
24. And Arphaxad begat Salah; and Salah begat Eber. | 24. Et Arphachsad genuit Selah, et Selah genuit Eber. |
25. And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one (was) Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided; and his brother's name (was) Joktan. | 25. Et ipsi Eber nati sunt duo filii: nomen unius Peleg, quia in diebus ejus divisa est terra: et nomen fratris ejus Joctan. |
26. And Joktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Hazarmaveth, and Jerah, | 26. Et Joctan genuit Almodad, et Seleph, et Hasarmaveth, et Jarah, |
27. And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Diklah, | 27. Et Hadoram, et Uzal, et Diclah, |
28. And Obal, and Abimael, and Sheba, | 28. Et Hobal, et Abimael, et Seba, |
29. And Ophir, and Havilah, and Jobab: all these (were) the sons of Joktan. | 29. Et Ophir, et Havilah, et Jobab: omnes isti filii Joctan. |
30. And their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar a mount of the east. | 30. Et fuit habitatio eorum a Mesah, donec ingrediaris Sephar, montem Orientis. |
31. These (are) the sons of Shem, after their families, after their tongues, in their lands, after their nations. | 31. Isti filii Sem per familias suas, per linguas suas, in terris suis, in gentibus suis. |
32. These (are) the families of the sons of Noah, after their generations, in their nations: and by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood. | 32. Istae familiae filiorum Noah per generationes suas in gentibus suis: et ab istis divisae sunt gentes in terra post diluvium. |
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1 For ample information on this interesting subject, which the general plan of Calvin's Commentary scarcely allowed him fully to investigate, the reader cannot do better than consult Dr. Wells' Geography of the Old Testament, chap. 3 From certain expressiones contained in the Mosaic account here given, of the first settlement of nations after the flood, it is clear that the records of the chapter now before us, have reference to the state of things after the confusion of tongues at the building of the Tower of Babel, though the narration of this event occurs in the chapter following; for the settlements are said to be made "according to their languages." But we know that before the attempt to build the tower, the whole earth was of "one language and of one speech;" and therefore the events here placed first, in the order of narration, were subsequent in the order of time. It may be proper here to observe, that according to the division of the earth into three great portions, Europe, Asia, and Africa, speaking generally, Japheth was the progenitor of the Europeans, Shem of the Asiatics, and Ham of the Africans. Yet this line of demarcation is not intended to be accurately drawn. The whole of Lesser Asia, for instance, falls within the province of the sons of Japheth; and Arabia within that of the sons of Ham. -- Ed.
2 "Hic ergo Cyclopicus est furor."
3 The first relating to the sons of Japheth the elder brother, from verse 2 to verse 6; the second, to the sons of Ham, from verse 6 to verse 21; the third, to the sons of Shem, from 21 to the end. Shem, though generally named first as a mark of Divine favor, is here placed last, because the subsequent history of Moses principally concerns this race; as Calvin properly argues. -- Ed.
4 Doubtless there is truth in these remarks of Calvin. Yet he seems to carry his objection too far. For it is one of the strongest possible confirmations of the truth of the Mosaic history, that (notwithstanding some inevitable obscurity) there should be such a mass of undeniable evidence still existing, that the world was really divided in the manner here described. Far more nations than Calvin supposed may, with the highest degree of probability, be traced upward to the progenitors whose names are here recorded. See Wells' Geography, Mede's Works, and Bishop Patrick's Commentary. A list of the names, with the supposed corresponding nations, is also given in the Commentary of Professor Bush on this chapter. The following extract from Hengstenberg's 'Egypt, and the Books of Moses,' also bears upon this point : -- "It has often been asserted that the genealogical table in Genesis 10. cannot be from Moses: since so extended a knowledge of nations lies far beyond the geographical horizon of the Mosaic age. This hypothesis must now be considered as exploded. The new discoveries and investigations in Egypt have shown that they maintained, even from the most ancient times, a vigorous commerce with other nations, and sometimes with very distant nations. ...But not merely, in general, do the investigations in Egyptian antiquities favor the belief that Moses was the author of the account in this tenth chapter of Genesis. On the Egyptian monuments, those especially which represent the conquests of the ancient Pharaohs over foreign nations, ... not a few names have been found which correspond with those contained in the chapter before us." The learned author then proceeds to adduce instances in proof of his position, which the reader may consult with advantage. -- See Hengstenberg's Egypt, and the Books of Moses, chap. v2 p. 195 -- Ed.
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6 Some translate it, "Against the Lord;" yet, perhaps, the words will hardly bear this rendering. -- Ed.
7 "Qua propter dicetur," etc., "Wherefore it shall be said" In Calvin's text it is, "Idcirco dicitur," "Wherefore it is said."
8 "Ob hoc exivit proverbium, Quasi Nemrod robustus venator eoram Domino." -- Vulgate.
10 "Quam hodie Cairum vocant." -- "Babylon was a habitation formed by the Persians, which may with probability be referred to the time of the conquest of Egypt by Cambyses. A quarter retaining the name of Baboul or Babilon, in the city commonly called Old Cairo, which overlooks the Nile at some distance above the Delta, shows its true position." -- D'Anville's Ancient Geography, vol. 2 p. 152. -- Ed.
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12 A reason why the former of these opinions is to be preferred will be found in a note at page 313, where it is stated that the division of tongues had already taken place, before these nations were settled. -- Ed.
13 See the marginal reading of the English version -- 'He went out into Assyria.'
14 Bishop Lowth's translation of the passage is as follows: --
"Behold the land of the Chaldeans;
This people was of no account;
(The Assyrian founded it for the inhabitants of the desert;
They raised the watch-towers, they set up the palaces thereof;)
This people hath reduced her to ruin."
See also his note on this passage, which accords with Calvin's supposition, that the prophet referred to some subsequent period of history. -- Ed.
15 In the English translation it is, 'The brother of Japheth the elder.' The balance of proof seems to lie in favor of the English translation, and gives the seniority to Japheth. Shem is supposed to be placed first, not on account of his age, but because his was the chosen seed. -- Ed.
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